MARCHING ON

Alicante History and Museums

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Alicante is a touristic city located by the Mediterranean Sea. It is the second most important city of the region of Valencia with a population of more than 330,000 people. Situated on the Costa Blanca, it is an important player in Spain’s tourism.

Alicante History

Alicante history originates from very safe and strategic places located by the sea; one of them was Mt Benacantil, the other was located in the ´Benalúa´ area while the last one was situated in Albufereta and the mountainous area of Serra Grossa.

When the moors arrived into Alicante, they started to arrange the city. However, it was the king Alfonso X, “El Sabio” (the Wise) who conquered it in 1246. It was years after in 1308 when the king James I amalgamated Alicante into the Kingdom of Valencia. Eventually the Catholic King, Ferdinand, awarded a city status to Alicante in 1490.

One hundred years later Alicante became the natural port of the kingdom of ´Castilla´ favouring the maritime trade in such a way that it developed into the third biggest trading city in Spain.

The city was bombed for a week in 1691 by the French Armada. Later on the Succession War happened (1701-14), when the Brits attacked part of Alicante’s castle. Moreover, the city was also the provisional capital of the Land of Valencia during the War of Independence (1804 -1814).

It started to recover at the beginning of the 19th century when its importance as a port city increased with the arrival of railways in 1858. Later on within that century new boroughs were created when the city walls were demolished.

Nowadays Alicante is seen as an established services and tourism hub.

Museo Arqueológico Provincial (Provincial Archaeology Museum).
Tel. 96 512 13 00.
This museum was created in 1932, located in the basement of what was then called the Provincial Council building. It first contained findings from archaeological sites in Torremanzanas, El Campello and Alicante. It was later transferred to magnificent installations in the ancient hospital of San Juan de Dios, and became known, both for its layout and content, as one of the major museums in Spain in its class. It has valuable displays reaching from the Palaeolithic down to the modern age, with special emphasis on Iberian art, displaying a bust of Our Lady of Cabezo Lucero, reminiscent of the famed Lady of Elche, plus diverse Roman utensils, Islamic treasures and an extensive collection of ceramics from a number of different periods.

Col·lecció Capa (Capa Collection).
Tel. 96 526 31 31.
This collection is distributed among the halls and open-air spaces of the castle of Santa Barbara overlooking the city. It is the largest contemporary Spanish sculpture collection in the world, dating from the late 19th and 20th centuries. It was granted to the city by its founder, the collector and Professor Eduardo Capa, being inaugurated in 1998. The holdings consist of some 700 works, of which 250 are displayed on a permanent basis. The symbol of this magnificent collection is Salvador Dali’s “Newton”, but it is always difficult to choose a favourite among this selection of works from the finest sculptors over the last 100 years: Benlliure, Blay, Capuz, Pérez Comendador, Torre Isunza, Serrano, Los Oteiza, Manolo Hugué, Cristino Mallo, Orduna, the world’s largest collection by Alberto Sánchez and many others. There is also a representation of foreign sculptors such as James Knowles, Kahlid and Leandro Mbomio.

La Asegurada (La Asegurada Museum).
Tel. 96 514 07 68.
This is one of the most important contemporary art collections existing in Spain, derived from a donation made by the Alicante painter and sculptor Eusebio Sempere to the city in 1977. The exhibition is divided into three aesthetic departments: Geometries, Other Abstract Works and Figurative Works, all exhibited on a rotating basis. Of note are masterworks by Juan Gris, Julio González, Pablo Gargallo, Eduardo Chillida, etc. Among the paintings, sculptures, mixed techniques and graphic works there are samples from some of the most important national and foreign creators from the 20th century: Picasso, Miró, Dalí, Tàpies, Kandinsky, Vasarely, Agam, Max Ernst and many others.

Pozos de Garrigós (Garrigós Wells).
Tel. 96 520 21 23.
These are a set of large-scale water wells (807,000 litres) excavated in the Benacantil mountain, of ancient origin, and believed to date from the Islamic period. There were records of their existence in the 16th century, although they were restored in the 19th century by Antonio Garrigós López, and named after him. They were intended to store rainwater from the catchment area of the mountain so as to supply the town. Inside the restored wells is a selection of objects and typical pottery pieces such as vases, earthenware bottles, jugs etc. which have been used by man down the ages for storing water.

Museo de Belenes (Nativity Museum) .
Tel. 96 520 22 32.
This Museum is located in a typical house in the old quarter constructed in the first half of the 19th century and preserving an original water well. It contains a collection of nativity scenes showing episodes from the life of Christ made by some of the finest Spanish nativity artists. There is also a life-sized nativity scene, and other nativities from diverse parts of the world.

Moros y Cristianos (Moors and Christians)
Held all over the city throughout the year, this Alicante festival celebrates the ancient Christian crusades to defeat the Moors in order to regain the lands taken by them.

Different groups such as the templars, zulus, ´almoradies´, ´maseros´, pirates or peasants dressed in lavish costumes parade in rows into Alicante city in a spectacular show accompanied by the numerous music bands from the province.

Carnaval (Carnival)
This lively Alicante festival is held on the previous days to Ash Wednesday. The whole city is distinctively embellished for this festivity, characterised for being non-comercial, participative, open to all, full of satire, plural, self-managed and democratic.

The highlights of the Carnival in Alicante are the ´Sábado Ramblero´, where the Rambla avenue in Alicante becomes a huge carnival costume procession like a masquerade ball, Carnival Tuesday with a parade along the old town, and the Burial of the Sardine on Ash Wednesday where diverse carnival fraternities march through the city in a funeral wake to incinerate the sardine.

Semana Santa (Easter)
Easter is a religious celebration held in either March or April each year. It lasts from Palm to Resurrection Sundays with 27 fraternities participating in parades along the city. The brotherhoods carry the so-called ´pasos´ (kind of floats), incredibly genuine and convincing works of art made by celebrated sculptors such as Bussi or Salzillo.

The most devoted ´Semana Santa´ procession in Alicante is the one happening on Holy Wednesday going along the steep and narrow streets of the Santa Cruz neighbourhood.

A well known float is the ´paso de la Santa Cena´ (Holy Supper float) carried by more than 200 bearers on the Holy Thursday parade. This is a massive heavy sculpture weighing 500 kilograms.

Alicante Festivals Hogueras de San Juan
Hogueras de San Juan (St John’s Bonfires)
The ´Hogueras de San Juan´ festival, held in Alicante on the night of the 24th to 25th of June, St John’s night, is a celebration of International Touristic Interest commemorating the arrival of summer with a cult to fire. A crowd goes out to celebrate this festivity surrounded by a display of bonfires, colour and music.

The origins of this well known festivity are remote. It is characterised by the habit of burning non valuable objects dancing around a bonfire to celebrate the arrival of the summer solstice. There are parades, music and dance performances, gastronomy and bullfights as well as multitude of activities in Alicante from the 20th to the 24th of June that make the city a stage of enjoyment to welcome the summer season.

Porrat de San Antón (St Anthony’s Market)
The ´Porrat de San Antón´ or St Anthony´s Market is held in the Alicante neighbourhood named after the saint, where the most beautiful and ancient church of the quarter was located. The ´porrat´ happens on 17th January (St Anthony´s Day), when people take their animals with them to get blessed in the nearest bullring where an animal show also happens.

The ´porrat´ or market is really like a traditional small fair selling dried fruits and nuts (hazelnuts, almonds, raisins, chestnuts), quince jelly, sugared fruits, dried chickpeas and a nougat known as ´turrón de novia´ (bride´s nougat); all of those were part of the ´mocaor d´herbes´, a present expected by brides from Alicante from their fiancés.

Peregrinación de la Santa Faz (The Pilgrimage of the Holy Visage)
This ´romeria´ or pilgrimage happens the Thursday following Easter Resurrection Sunday. This is the second most famous romeria after the Rocío pilgrimage in Andalusia. Around 200,000 people dressed in orchard working clothes walk in hordes to the ´Santa Faz´ monastery to worship the virgin. There are also a fair, an arts and crafts market and picnic lunches nearby.

Cruces de Mayo (May Crosses)
The ´Cruces de Mayo´ are held from 1st to 3rd May in the neighbourhood of Santa Cruz, where sweet-smelling crosses made of flowers line the streets of this Alicante quarter, a place where dances and children’s games as well as the finest win awards are on stage.

Virgen del Carmen (The Blessed Virgin Mary of Mt Carmel)
The festivity of ´Virgen del Carmen´ is held on 16th July, when fishermen embellish their boats worshipping the Virgin. An example of this adoration is the celebration held on Tabarca island, where there is a religious parade with fishermen bearing an image of ´Virgen del Carmen´.

Virgen del Remedio (Our Lady of Remedy)
This festivity is held on 5th August, when there is a parade in commemoration of the ´Virgen del Remedio´, the matron saint of Alicante.

There is a celebration, the ´Alborada´, featuring an old choral concert, which is held two days earlier, on the 3rd August. Meanwhile, the Port Summer Festival also happens honouring the ´Virgen del Remedio´.

Virgen del Socorro (Our Lady of Succour)
The festivities of the ´Virgen del Socorro´ are held between 5th and 8th of September. They include dances, a religious parade, cooking contests and games.
This celebration is located in the Raval neighbourhood overlooking ´Playa del Postiguet´.

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